Brer Rabbit Tricks Brer Fox Again Author

Fictional rabbit in Uncle Remus sociology

"Brer Rabbit" redirects hither. For the musician, see Flobots.

Br'er Rabbit
Br'er Rabbit and the Tar-Baby, drawing by E. W. Kemble from "The Tar-Baby", by Joel Chandler Harris, 1904
Kickoff appearance	19th century
Created by	Traditional, Robert Roosevelt, Joel Chandler Harris, Alcée Fortier
Voiced by	Johnny Lee (Song of the South and Mickey Mouse'due south Birthday Party [1]) James Baskett (The Laughing Place sequence in Song of the Southward [2]) Art Carney (Walt Disney'due south Song Parade from Disneyland [3]) Jess Harnell (1989-Nowadays) Nick Cannon (2006 adaptation)
In-universe information
Allonym	Riley, Compair Lapin
Species	Rabbit
Gender	Male
Occupation	Trickster

Br'er Rabbit (an abridgement of Brother Rabbit, also spelled Brer Rabbit) is a central figure in an oral tradition passed downwards by African-Americans of the Southern United States and African descendants in the Caribbean, notably Afro-Bahamians and Turks and Caicos Islanders. He is a trickster who succeeds by his wits rather than by brawn, provoking authority figures and bending social mores equally he sees fit. Popularly known adaptations are by Joel Chandler Harris in the 19th century, and afterwards The Walt Disney Company adapted it for its 1946 animated motion movie Song of the Due south.

Br'er Rabbit's dream, from Uncle Remus, His Songs and His Sayings: The Folk-Lore of the Old Plantation, 1881

African origins [edit]

The Br'er Rabbit stories tin can exist traced back to trickster figures in Africa, peculiarly the hare that figures prominently in the storytelling traditions in West, Fundamental, and Southern Africa.^[4] Among the Temne people in Sierra Leone, they tell children stories of a talking rabbit.^[5] Other regions of Africa also tell children stories of talking rabbits and other animals.^{[half dozen]} These tales continue to be part of the traditional folklore of numerous peoples throughout those regions. In the Akan traditions of Westward Africa, the trickster is normally the spider Anansi, though the plots in his tales are often identical with those of stories of Br'er Rabbit. Still, Anansi does encounter a tricky rabbit chosen "Adanko" (Asante-Twi to mean "Hare") in some stories. The Jamaican character with the same name "Brer Rabbit" is an adaptation of the Ananse stories of the Akan people.^{[vii] [viii]}

Some scholars have suggested that in his American incarnation, Br'er Rabbit represented the enslaved Africans who used their wits to overcome adversity and to verbal revenge on their adversaries, the white slave owners.^[9] Though not always successful, the efforts of Br'er Rabbit made him a folk hero.

Several elements in the Brer Rabbit Tar Baby story (e.one thousand., rabbit needing to be taught a lesson, punching and head butting the rabbit, the stuck rabbit existence swung effectually and effectually) are reminiscent of those found in a Republic of zimbabwe-Botswana folktale.^[x]

Folklorists in the belatedly 19th century first documented bear witness that the American versions of the stories originated among enslaved Due west Africans based on connections betwixt Br'er Rabbit and Leuk, a rabbit trickster in Senegalese folklore.^{[11] [12]}

American adaptations [edit]

Stories of Br'er Rabbit were written down past Robert Roosevelt, an uncle of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt. Theodore Roosevelt wrote in his autobiography well-nigh his aunt from Georgia that "she knew all the 'Br'er Rabbit' stories, and I was brought up on them. One of my uncles, Robert Roosevelt, was much struck with them, and took them downwardly from her dictation, publishing them in Harper's, where they fell flat. This was a good many years earlier a genius arose who, in 'Uncle Remus', made the stories immortal."

Some stories were also adapted by Joel Chandler Harris (1845–1908) for white audiences in the late 19th century. Harris invented Uncle Remus, an ex-slave narrator, as a storyteller and published many such stories that had been passed down past oral tradition. He claimed his stories were "the kickoff graphic pictures of 18-carat negro life in the South."^[13] Harris also attributed the birth name Riley to Br'er Rabbit.^{[ citation needed ]} Harris heard these tales in Georgia. Very similar versions of the aforementioned stories were recorded independently at the same time by the folklorist Alcée Fortier in southern Louisiana, where the Rabbit character was known as Compair Lapin in Creole. Enid Blyton, the English writer of children's fiction, retold the stories for children.^{[ citation needed ]}

Cherokee parallels [edit]

In a detailed study of the sources of Joel Chandler Harris'southward "Uncle Remus" stories, Florence Baer identified 140 stories with African origins, 27 stories with European origins, and 5 stories with Native American origins.^[fourteen]

Although Joel Chandler Harris collected materials for his famous series of books featuring the graphic symbol Br'er Rabbit in the 1870s, the Br'er Rabbit cycle had been recorded earlier amongst the Cherokees: The "tar infant" story was printed in an 1845 edition of the Cherokee Advocate, the same twelvemonth Joel Chandler Harris was born.^[fifteen]

Rabbit and Hare myths abound amongst Algonquin Indians in Eastern N America, peculiarly under the name Nanabozho. The Great Hare is generally worshipped amid tribes in eastern Canada.

In "That the People Might Alive: Native American Literatures and Native American Community" by Jace Weaver, the origins of Br'er Rabbit and other literature are discussed. Although the Cherokee had lived in isolation from Europeans in the remote past, a substantial amount of interaction was to occur among North American tribes, Europeans, and those from the enslaved population during the 18th and 19th centuries. It is impossible to ascertain whether the Cherokee story independently predated the African American story.

In a Cherokee tale about the briar patch, "the fox and the wolf throw the trickster rabbit into a thicket from which the rabbit quickly escapes."^[16] There was a "melding of the Cherokee rabbit-trickster ... into the culture of African slaves."^[17]

Joel Chandler Harris [edit]

A.B. Frost illustration of Brer Rabbit and the Tar Baby from the 1895 version of Uncle Remus: His Songs and Sayings

At that place are 9 books by Joel Chandler Harris that comprise Brer Rabbit stories:

• Uncle Remus: His Songs and Sayings (1881), containing 25 Brer Rabbit stories.
• Nights with Uncle Remus: Myths and Legends of the Quondam Plantation (1883), containing 52 Brer Rabbit stories.
• Daddy Jake, the Runaway: And Brusque Stories Told Afterwards Dark (1889), containing four Brer Rabbit stories.
• Uncle Remus and his Friends: Old Plantation Stories, Songs, and Ballads with Sketches of Negro Character (1892), containing 11 Brer Rabbit stories.
• Told by Uncle Remus: New Stories of the Old Plantation (1905), containing 13 Brer Rabbit stories.
• Uncle Remus and Brer Rabbit (1907), containing 4 Brer Rabbit stories.
• Uncle Remus and the Lilliputian Boy (1910), containing v Brer Rabbit stories.
• Uncle Remus Returns (1918), containing 6 Brer Rabbit stories.
• Seven Tales of Uncle Remus (1948), containing 3 Brer Rabbit stories.

Enid Blyton [edit]

There are eight books by Enid Blyton that are collections of stories featuring Brer Rabbit and friends, about of which appeared in various magazines in the late 1930s.

• Heyo, Brer Rabbit! (1938)
• The Farther Adventures of Brer Rabbit (1943)
• My Enid Blyton Brer Rabbit Book (1948)
• Enid Blyton's Brer Rabbit Volume (1963)
• Enid Blyton's Brer Rabbit Over again (1963)
• Enid Blyton'south Brer Rabbit's a Rascal (1965)
• Enid Blyton's Brer Rabbit Holiday Adventures (1974)
• Enid Blyton's Brer Rabbit Funtime Adventures

In pop culture [edit]

Early comics [edit]

• In 1902, artist Jean Mohr adapted the Uncle Remus stories into a two-page comic story titled Ole Br'er Rabbit for The North American.^[18]
• The McClure Newspaper Syndicate released a Br'er Rabbit Sunday strip drawn by J.M. Condé from June 24 to October 7, 1906.^[19]

Br'er Rabbit in Walt Disney'due south Song of the South (1946). Disney'south version of the grapheme is drawn in a more humorous and lovable style than the illustrations of Br'er Rabbit in Harris' books.^[20]

Disney version [edit]

• The 1946 Disney moving picture Song of the South is a frame story based on three Br'er Rabbit stories, "Br'er Rabbit Earns a Dollar a Minute", "The Laughing Identify" and "The Tar Infant". The character of Br'er Rabbit was voiced by Johnny Lee in the film, and was portrayed as more of a "lovable trickster" than previous tales.^[xx] Disney comics starring that version of Br'er Rabbit take been produced since 1946.^[21]
• Splash Mountain, a thrill ride at Disneyland, Magic Kingdom and Tokyo Disneyland, is based on the to a higher place 1946 film'south animated segments featuring Br'er Rabbit. Br'er Rabbit likewise appears at the Walt Disney Parks and Resorts for meet-and-greets, parades and shows. He also appears as one of the guests in Firm of Mouse and Mickey's Magical Christmas: Snowed in at the House of Mouse, oftentimes seen hopping in the applauding oversupply, as well as in the video game Kinect Disneyland Adventures. Starting with the Disneyland version of Splash Mountain in 1989, Jess Harnell has provided the voice of Br'er Rabbit in all of his modernistic Disney appearances.
• An Uncle Remus and His Tales of Br'er Rabbit paper strip ran from October 14, 1946 through December 31, 1972.^[22]

Non-Disney [edit]

• On Apr 21, 1972, astronaut John Young became the ninth person to step onto the Moon, and in his get-go words he stated, "I'm sure glad they got ol' Brer Rabbit, here, back in the briar patch where he belongs."^[23]
• In 1975, the stories were retold for an adult audience in the cult animation moving-picture show Coonskin, directed by Ralph Bakshi.
• In 1984, American composer Van Dyke Parks produced a children'southward album, Jump!, based on the Br'er Rabbit tales.
• 1998'southward Star Trek: Insurrection saw the Starship Enterprise enter a region of space called the Briar Patch. At some point during a boxing with the Son'a, Commander Riker states that it is "time to apply the Briar Patch the way Br'er Rabbit did".
• A direct-to-video film based on the stories, The Adventures of Brer Rabbit, was released in 2006. Nick Cannon provides his voice for the graphic symbol.^[24]
• There is a make of molasses produced past B&G Foods named after the character.^[25]
• in Sam Kieth'due south The Maxx, the graphic symbol Mr. Gone refers to Maxx as "Br'er Lappin" and indeed Maxx is worried if he removes his mask he will find he has a rabbit's head beneath it.
• in the 1982 film Savannah Smiles, Savannah tells a story of Brer rabbit to her captors Bootsie and Alvie.

Run into also [edit]

• Gullah storytelling

References [edit]

1. ^ "A Spin Special: Stan Freberg Records". Retrieved 2017-09-21.
2. ^ "The Vocal of the South Ofttimes Asked Questions". Retrieved 2017-09-22.
3. ^ "Walt Disney'due south Song Parade from Disneyland on Gold Records". Retrieved 2017-09-26.
4. ^ "Brer Rabbit and Ananse Stories from Africa (article) by Peter Due east Adotey Addo on AuthorsDen". Authorsden.com. Archived from the original on October 24, 2004. Retrieved July 3, 2010.
5. ^ Pollitzer, William (2005). The Gullah People and Their African Heritage. Academy of Georgia Press. p. 125. ISBN9780820327839.
6. ^ Abrahams, Roger (2011). African Folktales. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN9780307803191.
7. ^ Pariser, Harry (1990). Jamaica A Visitor'south Guide. Hunter. ISBN9781556502538.
8. ^ Marshall, Emily (2019). American Trickster Trauma, Tradition and Brer Rabbit. Rowman & Littlefield International. pp. 59–60. ISBN9781783481118.
9. ^ Levine, Lawrence (1977). Black Civilisation and Blackness Consciousness: Afro-American Folk Thought from Slavery to Freedom . Oxford University Printing. ISBN978-0-19-502088-five.
10. ^ Smith, Alexander McCall (1989). The Daughter Who Married A Lion and Other Tales from Africa. Pantheon Books, NY. pp. 185–89.
11. ^ Arnold, Albert (1996). Monsters, Tricksters, and Sacred Cows: Animal Tales and American Identities. University of Virginia Press.
12. ^ M'Baye, Babacar (2009). The Trickster Comes W: Pan-African Influence in Early Black Diasporan Narratives. Univ. Press of Mississippi.
13. ^ Ritterhouse, Jennifer. "Reading, Intimacy, and the Function of Uncle Remus in White Southern Social Memory." The Journal of Southern History, vol. 69, no. 3, 2003, pp. 585–622. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/30040011. Accessed 9 June 2021.
14. ^ Baer, Florence (1980). Sources and Analogues of the Uncle Remus Tales. Sociology Fellows Communications. ISBN9514103742.
15. ^ "Cherokee Tales and Disney Films Explored". Powersource.com. June 15, 1996. Archived from the original on May 24, 2011. Retrieved July 3, 2010.
16. ^ Latin American Indian Literatures Journal. Dept. of Foreign Languages at Geneva College. 6: ten. 1990.
17. ^ That the People Might Live: Native American Literatures and Native American Community, p. 4
18. ^ Becattini, Alberto (2019). "Genesis and Early on Evolution". American Funny Beast Comics in the 20th Century: Volume Ane. Seattle, WA: Theme Park Press. ISBN978-1683901860.
19. ^ Holtz, Allan (2012). American Newspaper Comics: An Encyclopedic Reference Guide. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press. p. 83. ISBN9780472117567.
20. ^ ^{a b} Brasch, Walter Yard. (2000). Brer Rabbit, Uncle Remus, and the 'Cornfield Announcer': The Tale of Joel Chandler Harris. Mercer University Press. pp. 74, 275.
21. ^ "Brer Rabbit - I.N.D.U.C.K.S." inducks.org . Retrieved 23 March 2018.
22. ^ "Disney'southward "Uncle Remus" strips," Hogan's Alley #sixteen, 2009
23. ^ "Back in the Briar Patch". Apollo Lunar Surface Journal. Retrieved Nov 27, 2011.
24. ^ "Child's Play". Washington Postal service. 2006-04-09. Retrieved 2008-08-29 .
25. ^ "B&G Foods".

Further reading [edit]

• Backus, Emma One thousand. "Tales of the Rabbit from Georgia Negroes". In: Journal of American Folklore, Vol. 12 (1899). pp. 108–115.
• Edwards, Charles Lincoln. Bahama Songs And Stories. Boston and New York: Pub. by Houghton, Mifflin and company; [etc., etc.], 1895. (Bahaman stories nigh B' Rabby)
• Fortier, Alcée. and Alexander Street Press. Louisiana Folk-tales: In French Dialect And English Translation. Boston: Pub. for the American folk-lore society, by Houghton, Mifflin and company; [etc., etc.]. 1895. (stories of Compair Lapin collected in Louisiana)
• Marsh, Vivian Costroma Osborne. Types And Distribution of Negro Folk-lore In America. [Berkeley], 1922.
• Storr, Virgil Henry. "B' Rabby as a 'Truthful-True Bahamian': Rabbyism every bit Bahamian Ethos and Worldview in the Bahamas. Folk Tradition and the Works of Strachan and Glinton-Meicholas (January 1, 2009)". In: Journal of Caribbean Literatures. Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 121–142, 2009, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1711268

External links [edit]

• The Wrens Nest 100 Years OF Telling Tales
• Full text of Joel Chandler Harris from Project Gutenberg
• Brer Rabbit Stories at AmericanFolklore.net
• Robert Roosevelt'southward Brer Rabbit stories
• Theodore Roosevelt autobiography on Brer Rabbit and his Uncle
• Inducks' index of Disney comic stories featuring Br'er Rabbit
• Archived audio recording of an educational ArtsSmarts simple school recording of "Brother Rabbit and Tar Baby"
• Devin The Dude's song Briar Patch

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%27er_Rabbit

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